The Abyssal Zone, also known as the
Abyssopelagic Zone is the part of the ocean which is typically characterized by
uniform darkness, low temperature (around 3 degrees celsius), and unique fauna.
It lies between the Bathyal Zone and Hadal Zone. It roughly starts at a depth
of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and ends at 6,000 m (19,500), which is where the Hadal
Zone, begins. The latter is primarily
made up of deep trenches, like the Mariana Trench of the Challenger Deep fame.
In the absence of photosynthesis, the oxygen content of this zone depends on
the oxygen that gets dissolved into the water in polar areas and makes it to
the other parts of the ocean.
Its nutrient salt concentration is uniform―at times, higher than what it is in
shallow water; courtesy, the dead biological matter that settles in this zone.
Animals of the Abyssopelagic Zone
- · The ability to withstand tremendous amount of pressure is a necessity.
- The animals inhabiting this zone seem to excel in this context.·
- As there is no sunlight to support the process of photosynthesis, the Abyssal Zone is devoid of plants.
Crustaceans living at
these depths have adapted by becoming transparent and have evolved without eyes
because they serve no purpose at these depths.
Tiny microbes( cormophytes) act as producers in this zone by resorting to the process of chemosynthesis and oxidizing hydrogen sulfide coming from vents in the ocean floor.
![](http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/graphics/tube_worms.gif)
Tubeworms
are best suited for the conditions prevailing in the Abyssal Zone. They don't
have mouth or digestive system. So they absorb inorganic compounds through
their skin and depend on bacteria in their body for food.
Examples of abyssal zone animals
![Image result for giant squid (Architeuthis dux),](https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRsBco9YWUvH5c2jILA6nRhaUfCXd_sAUfLiSCfXaKYH17LZC6B3A)
giant squid (Architeuthis dux),
![Image result for colossal squid](https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTtW_BWvadM3jGpkYIXwj6qOs2cOm4xukjJEj6i8MURHA_WXYZhQw)
colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni)
![Image result for black swallower (Chiasmodon niger](https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR9dgxO4eaGWu7Cy39fNXdmhogvQcl_OD1BEFc1Hf_6koQUyYbdLg)
black swallower (Chiasmodon niger)
![Image result for humpback anglerfish (Melanocetus johnsonii)](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR5VkY_nyVZSYt79JmftNd2b-J_7SKPBBGo43gy-TSV4BiFaGVBkQ)
humpback anglerfish (Melanocetus johnsonii)
deep-sea glass squid (Teuthowenia pellucida)
![Image result for ogrefish (Anoplogaster cornuta)](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
ogrefish (Anoplogaster cornuta),
hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus),
![Image result for hydrothermal vent crab (Bythograea thermydron)](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
hydrothermal vent crab (Bythograea thermydron),
![Image result for giant tubeworm (Tevnia jerichonana](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
giant tubeworm (Tevnia jerichonana),
giant squid (Architeuthis dux),
colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni)
black swallower (Chiasmodon niger)
humpback anglerfish (Melanocetus johnsonii)
deep-sea glass squid (Teuthowenia pellucida)
ogrefish (Anoplogaster cornuta),
hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus),
hydrothermal vent crab (Bythograea thermydron),
giant tubeworm (Tevnia jerichonana),
Fish in this zone:
·
·
The humpback anglerfish (Melanocetus johnsonii), for instance,
has a large mouth with long teeth, which helps it grab its prey the moment it
is in close range.
Other physical adaptations include gray
or black color, (camouflage) in the deep sea environment,
·
Bioluminescence( ability to produce light by physiological
processes) which helps the species lure their prey.
·
ambush predators(wait for their prey to come to them), instead
of expending energy chasing them.
·
This zone is characterized by the presence of hydrothermal
vents, also known as black smokers that release toxic chemicals. Interestingly,
the area around these vents is known for its rich biodiversity. The organisms
found here resort to chemosynthesis for energy.
No comments:
Post a Comment